$解:过点B作BF⊥AD,垂足为点F$
$由题意得,AB=30\ \mathrm {km},BC=10\ \mathrm {km}$
$在Rt△BFA中,BF=AB×sin 58°=30×0.85≈25.5\ \mathrm {km},$
$AF=AB×cos 58°=30×0.53≈15.9\ \mathrm {km}$
$∴CF=BF+BC=35.5\ \mathrm {km}$
$在Rt△CFD中,DF=\frac {CF}{tan 37°}≈47.3\ \mathrm {km}$
$∴AD=DF-AF≈31\ \mathrm {km}$
$∴这时,D处距离港口A有31千米$